10. Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. “Tariff Regressivity and Middle-Class Impacts.” May 2025.
11. U.S. Department of the Treasury. “2025 Individual Income Tax Statistics.” Shows effective tax rates by income percentile.
12. Yale University Applied Economics Group. “Distributional Cost of Tariffs.” 2025 Working Paper. Uses modeling to project short-run effects by decile.
13. Tax Foundation. “High-Income Households and Effective Tax Rates.” September 2025. Includes state and local averages.
14. Internal Revenue Service. “Statistics of Income—Top 0.1% Report.” Updated June 2025. Includes federal tax liability and income